This park, conceived from its inception as a naturalist garden following late 19th-century landscape trends, is linked to Madrid's expansion and the growth of the Argüelles neighborhood. The site, formerly a landfill, was transformed by the City Council into a green area for new residents and to enhance the Manzanares riverfront.
The original design, commissioned to agricultural engineer Celedonio Rodrigáñez and approved in 1898, drew inspiration from English landscaping with winding paths, tree groupings, and water features. Later, from 1910 onwards, Cecilio Rodríguez expanded the park towards the Príncipe Pío Hill, introducing French influences and a more regular tree layout.
The park bears traces of the Spanish Civil War, including three fortified concrete turrets. Its spatial configuration is shaped by the slope descending from Plaza de la Moncloa to the Manzanares River, overcoming a 65-meter elevation change. The valley of the old San Bernardino stream is notable, featuring riparian vegetation and natural cascades.
Its rich botanical heritage includes singular specimens like the 'El Abuelo' cedar, alongside ginkgos, magnolias, beeches, and various conifers and deciduous trees. The Paseo de los Plátanos hosts the Avifauna Center. In 1957, La Rosaleda was created, home to the international New Roses competition of the Villa de Madrid.
The 20th century saw the inauguration of the Madrid Cable Car in 1969, connecting the park with Casa de Campo. Between 1970 and 1972, the Príncipe Pío Hill was incorporated, where the Templo de Debod, a gift from Egypt, was installed.
The complex also houses the Ceramics School, La Tinaja, the Florida Pavilion, the cemetery of the Dos de Mayo, and numerous commemorative monuments dedicated to historical and artistic figures.
